محاضرات

Here is a concise summary:

Slavery in America began in the early 1600s when enslaved Africans were brought to the English colonies to provide labor, mainly on tobacco, rice, sugar, and later cotton plantations. Over time, slavery became a legally protected and racially based system, especially in the Southern colonies and states. Enslaved people endured forced labor, family separation, violence, and the denial of all legal rights. Slavery shaped the economy and society of the United States and became the central cause of the **Civil War**. It officially ended in **1865** with the **13th Amendment**, but its legacy—racial inequality and discrimination—continued long after emancipation.